The Big Bang

Last Updated: February 23, 2025

Hot beginnings, primordial nucleosynthesis, inflationary stretching marks, and expansion history—four pieces on how the observable universe earned its backstory without asking permission.

The Cosmic Microwave Background: A Baby Photo Older Than Stars
Observational cosmology

Last Updated: February 23, 2025

The Cosmic Microwave Background: A Baby Photo Older Than Stars

Recombination released a 2.7 K glow riddled with acoustic peaks—statistical speckle that encodes density, dark matter, curvature, and the audacity of early sound waves.

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Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Three Famous Minutes
Early universe

Last Updated: April 11, 2024

Primordial Nucleosynthesis: Three Famous Minutes

When the cosmos cooled through MeV kitchens, protons and neutrons clicked into light nuclei—predictions lock down baryon density and stress-test non-standard physics.

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Inflation: Stretch Marks on the Largest Scales
Early universe theory

Last Updated: January 11, 2024

Inflation: Stretch Marks on the Largest Scales

A brief accelerated expansion can flatten, smooth, and seed ripples—predictions for spectra tilt and gravitational waves separate toy models from survivors.

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Expansion History: Ladders, Supernovae, and Polite Tensions
Distance ladder

Last Updated: May 24, 2022

Expansion History: Ladders, Supernovae, and Polite Tensions

Type Ia supernovae, CMB, and late-time rulers trace H(z)—current disagreements in H0 and S8 could mean systematics, new physics, or both wearing disguises.

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